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Hedy Lamarr (; born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, 9 November 1914 – 19 January 2000) was an Austrian and American film actress and inventor. After an early and brief film career in Germany, which included a controversial love-making scene in the film ''Ecstasy'' (1933), she fled from her husband and secretly moved to Paris. There, she met MGM head Louis B. Mayer, who offered her a movie contract in Hollywood, where she became a film star from the late 1930s to the 1950s.〔("Hedy Lamarr: Secrets of a Hollywood Star" ). ''Edition Filmmuseum 40''. Edition Filmmuseum.com. Retrieved 3 May 2014.〕 Lamarr appeared in numerous popular feature films, including ''Algiers'' (1938) with Charles Boyer, ''I Take This Woman'' (1940) with Spencer Tracy, ''Comrade X'' (1940) with Clark Gable, ''Come Live With Me'' (1941) with James Stewart, ''H.M. Pulham, Esq.'' (1941) with Robert Young, and ''Samson and Delilah'' (1949) with Victor Mature. Director Max Reinhardt called her the "most beautiful woman in Europe," a sentiment widely shared by her audiences and critics.〔("Hedy Lamarr - Biography" ). Turner Classic Movies.〕〔("Hedy & Louis B." ). Classicmoviechat.com. 4 August 2011.〕 At the beginning of World War II, with composer George Antheil, Lamarr developed spread spectrum and frequency hopping technology to defeat the threat of jamming Allied guided torpedoes by the Axis. Though the US Navy did not adopt the technology until the 1960s, the principles of their work are now incorporated into modern Wi-Fi, CDMA and Bluetooth technology,〔("Hollywood star whose invention paved the way for Wi-Fi" ), ''New Scientist'', 8 December 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2014.〕 and this work led to her being inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】Spotlight – National Inventors Hall of Fame )〕 ==Early life and European film career== Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in 1914 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, the only child of Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (née Lichtwitz; 3 February 1894 – 27 February 1977) and Emil Kiesler (27 December 1880 – 14 February 1935). Her father was born to a Jewish family in Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine) and was a successful bank director. Her mother was a pianist and Budapest native who came from an upper-class Jewish family; she had converted from Judaism to Catholicism and was a "practicing Christian".〔 In later years, Hedy's influence as an actress would be used to help get her mother rescued from Austria, then under Nazi domination.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/schoolprograms/2014-role-models-in-science-engineering/834-hedy.html )〕 In the late 1920s, Lamarr was discovered as an actress and brought to Berlin by producer Max Reinhardt. Following her training in the theater, she returned to Vienna, where she began to work in the film industry, first as a script girl, and soon as an actress. In early 1933, at age 18, she starred in Gustav Machatý's film, ''Ecstasy'' (''Ekstase'' in German, ''Extase'' in Czech), which was filmed in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Lamarr’s role was that of a neglected young wife married to an indifferent older man. The film became notorious for showing Lamarr's face in the throes of orgasm as well as close-up and brief nude scenes in which she is seen swimming and running through the woods.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hedy Lamarr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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